This report was the first of its kind to analyze the green job market in MI (3% of workforce) through an analytical (industrial and occupational trends), qualitative (focus groups), and quantitative (employer survey) approach. Discussed are Michigan's green related industries and occupations, and also tracking them. It's concluded that the MI green job market has further potential and is growing despite an economic downturn.

This resource contains speaker presentations from the 2013 Plug-In Conference and Exposition. This conference took place September 30, 2013 to October 3, 2013 at Liberty Station in San Diego, CA and had the theme What's Next for the Electric Highway? This event brought together automotive manufacturers, component suppliers, electric utilities, government agencies, academia, and the environmental community to collaborate on the next steps in plug-in electric vehicle technology, infrastructure, policies and regulations, and market development.

This resource contains presentations from the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) 2014 Management Briefing Seminars held August 4-7, 2014. With attendees from industry, government, media, and academia, the event featured outstanding presentations from industry thought leaders as well as various networking and social events. Using CAR research as a foundation, these seminars revolved around the most important issues facing the automotive industry today: manufacturing, powertrain, sales forecasting, connected and automated vehicles, purchasing, talent, and supply chain.

This resource contains a presentation from a webinar and video of the webinar regarding a study carried out by Ducker Worldwide and funded by The Aluminum Association to evaluate the aluminum content in 2015 model year vehicles and the projected aluminum content growth through 2025. Also included is the executive summary of the study.

This case study provides an introduction to HIV, including the life cycle of the disease, its treatment, and problems associated with different treatment options. The case would be useful in an upper level high school or lower level undergraduate class studying health and biology. The case study and teaching notes may be downloaded in PDF format. The site also includes a section for instructor feedback where general comments may be read and contributed.

The Adaptive Use Bridge Project website is a repository for work being conducted at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in which historic iron bridges are rehabilitated, documented, and analyzed. The purpose of the project is to preserve the civil engineering heritage of New England and to develop instructional material for use in undergraduate civil engineering curricula. Upon completion of this long-term project, a protocol for adaptive pedestrian use of historic bridges will be created.

This paper describes an Easy Java Simulation (EJS) model for students to visualize Newtons 1st and 3rd laws, using frictionless motion and a spring collision during impact. Using Physics by Inquiry instructional (PbI) strategy, the simulation and its problem based inquiry worksheet aim to enhance learning of these two Newtonian concepts. We report results from Experimental (N=62 students) and Control (N=67) Groups in 11 multiple choice questions pre and post tests, conducted by three teachers in the school. Results suggest, at 95 percent confidence level, significant improvement for concept of Newtons 1st Law while not so for Newtons 3rd Law. A Focus Group Discussion revealed students confirming the usefulness of the EJS model in visualizing the 1st Law while not so much for the 3rd Law. We speculate the design ideas for constant velocity motion in the computer model coupled with the PbI worksheet did allow for making sense and experiencing of the 1st Law, where traditional pen-paper representations could not.

This case study considers the problems that would arise if one were to cross over into a mirror-image environment. The case looks into the lock-and-key theory of enzyme action. This material would be most useful in biology, organic chemistry or biochemistry courses. The case study and teaching notes may be downloaded in PDF format. The site also includes a section for instructor feedback where general comments may be read and contributed.

The article contains a theoretical study, which reflects the importance of the studied theme from the perspective of the education of a prosperous society of a successful city. The main aim is for the modern architecture of multifunctional and attractive centers from the point of view of the built aesthetic form, of multiple interior spaces where the members of a society will gather: children, young people, and the elderly, interiors that provide the needs and basic comfort of living, development of a developing society.

The study focuses on the conscious development of the aesthetic form of the building, followed by being designed with the whole community in mind for: youth, children, and the elderly, not just for a specific group. The paper pursues two directions for analysis. First, the multifunctional community complex provides a space for people to gather, to interact between generations. Where in the second place, the spaces must be filled with colors, provided with enough natural light, and furnished for various ages and activities, to encourage interaction between generations, where the old can teach the young, as well as the young, can teach the old. However, the author concludes that this project concept will improve the urban and rural community, through aesthetic architectural form, a variety of modes of educational interaction, and social and healthy relationships.

In this brochure, the European Aluminium Association (EAA) evaluates the need for vehicle lightweighting to reduce CO2 emissions. Since the 70's aluminum has been used for some car components (radiators, cylinder heads, and bumper beams), but now has grown to the average amount of 140 kg per car produced in Europe. Aluminum castings, extrusions, forgings and sheets can now be found nearly everywhere, including in car bodies, closures, chassis, suspensions and wheels. This resource explains why, now more than ever, reducing vehicle mass is necessary and how aluminum can be used to further improve the sustainability and the safety of future generations of cars.

This report by The Aluminum Association reviews the North American use of aluminum over the past 20 years in order to improve industry emissions, efficiency, recycling, and to address the challenges ahead in regards of sustainability. Challenges faced with sustainability include technological progress, energy and resource use, waste minimization and elimination, business operations, and product end-of-life ("design for recycling" and recycling incentives).

This study was carried out by Ducker Worldwide and funded by The Aluminum Association to evaluate the aluminum content in 2012 model year vehicles and the projected aluminum content growth through 2025. To gather data and form projections, Ducker surveyed original equipment manufactures (OEMs) and The Aluminum Association to create a metallic materials database with 32,000 cells per light vehicle. Using their database and other information from OEMs, Ducker concluded in the 2012 model year the average weight of aluminum on light vehicles will be approximately 348lbs, 30% of hoods will be aluminum, and 50% of cast aluminum wheels will be sourced from China. To meet corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards in 2025 Ducker speculates vehicle aluminum content will grow by 80% (671lbs avg. truck and 451lbs avg. for cars), milled aluminum components will increase, 50% of hoods will be aluminum, and manifolds will be made from magnesium rather than aluminum. Based on this study's conclusions, it's clear that aluminum content in vehicles will continue to grow to meet CAFE standards by 2025. For more info on Ducker Worldwide, visit http://www.ducker.com/. Ducker has also performed studies for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE).

The article reveals the state of modern scientific opinion on the issue of calculating the number of passengers on air transport. The research is of a review nature, the task of which is to define and evaluate methods for solving transport problems. To achieve the task, scientific publications included in the Scopus scientometrics database were used. Relevant scientific approaches to determining the parameters of passenger flow on air transport are studied in the section of the selection and use of methods for calculating the relevant parameters. The author's opinion on the issue of justification of the choice of the method used by the authors and the assessment of the adequacy of the methods proposed by the authors are highlighted. In the work, the method of system analysis was used in solving the task of conducting a study of the state of modern scientific opinion on the selection of methods for calculating passenger traffic on the aviation mode of transport.

The scientific research is carried out on the issue of determining current global trends in approaches to the organization of passenger transportation in the operation of various types of transport. The latest publications reflecting the study of the process of passenger transportation by routes of various types of communication were taken into account. It is established that scientists identify many tasks and problems in the organization of passenger transportation. These tasks include determining vehicle schedules, protecting passengers ‘health while driving, ensuring certain conditions for passengers’ comfort before flights start, and many others. Problematic issues include, among other things, the following: driving time, the quality and impact of Station service, the organization of interaction between Station service vehicles, the safety component of the transportation process, determining the impact of service comfort when determining the method of transportation, and others. From the analysis, it is determined that the issue of passenger organization is relevant and is being studied for the processes of passenger transportation from urban to intercontinental routes, and such issues are relevant for all types of transport. It can be noted that the issues of Ecology and passenger Health Protection have recently gained popularity and are considered by scientists when studying the conditions of passengers ‘ stay in the cabin when receiving transportation services. To a large extent, recently the attention of scientists has been drawn to the issue of establishing the comfort of passenger service before traveling at the stages of booking/buying tickets, waiting for a flight on the territories of airports or railway stations. An opinion is expressed about the influence of such comfort on the subconscious decision-making of passengers in determining the method of Transportation. It is noted that the level of Organization of passenger service is a significant factor in planning the station load. Based on the results of the literature analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: the issues of organizing passenger transportation are relevant, the study of the integrated functioning of the passenger transportation system is relevant and implemented by modeling such processes, mathematical, computer and other simulation models are used in such simulations. When conducting computer simulations, among other things, resistance factors determine the time and comfort of riding.

Scientific research on the state of modern scientific thought on the use of vehicles in passenger transport reveals the state of establishing relevant approaches to solving a wide range of problems and challenges for scientists around the world. The paper set such a task as a systematic analysis of modern scientific literature published during 2010 - 2022 on the organization of passenger transport by different types and types of passenger transport. Only articles included in the Scopus scientometric database were used in the study. The purpose of this work is to identify modern methodological, theoretical, scientific approaches to addressing the issues inherent in the processes of passenger transportation. The results of the study found that the current state of scientific thought, for the most part, offers a simulation of passenger transport processes. Researchers drew attention to passenger traffic not only by different types and modes of transport, but also by different distances. The approaches of transport modelling proposed by scientists take into account the solution of problems, but do not consider the problems of the transport industry in full. It is also impossible to say with certainty that the methods proposed by scientists are such that take into account the multifactorial nature of external and internal parameters. Thus, not only external factors of the system and possible changes in
the parameters of internal subsystems are not fully taken into account, but also variants of the state and composition of the passenger transportation systems themselves. Among the proposed methods for calculating certain parameters, contemporaries mostly offer computer simulations or mathematical descriptions. The study concludes that the consideration of methods of mathematical and computer modelling as the main at the time of the study.

The Analytical Sciences Digital Library (ASDL) provides a collection of peer-reviewed web-based educational resources related to technical resources in the analytical sciences. Materials include articles, labware, educational practices, and more.

Answer keys provide acceptable answers to the questions posed in a case. Since these questions are intended to be answered by students and are often graded, keys are password-protected and access limited to registered instructors affiliated with an educational institution.

This case study looks at how the scientific process really works, particularly in respect to evolutionary biology. Using the example of the discovery of the platypus, the lesson ties in easily with biology or zoology courses. The case study and teaching notes may be downloaded in PDF format. The site also includes a section for instructor feedback where general comments may be read and contributed.

This not-for-profit, North Carolina community-based effort promotes farmland protection and sustainable production systems through research, development, policy support and promotion.

The first part of this activity illustrates the concept of albedo. Students use a year-long dataset of incoming and outgoing radiation from Eureka, Canada to calculate albedo values and see how albedo varies through the year.

Next, students dive into the datasets using Excel. Using step-by-step instructions and screen shots students create line graphs of springtime temperature, snow depth and albedo. Once the graphs are plotted, students can see the relationship between these three parameters and can explain why the snow depth decreases rapidly.

Students then create a concept sketch and a write short essay to synthesize what they have learned about albedo and how it relates to climate.

The final part of the activity uses paired imagery from the Arctic to compare changes in albedo in recent decades. The takeaway message emphasizes how decreasing albedo is a self-reinforcing feedback mechanism. (Also known as a positive feedback mechanism.)

Two optional follow-on activities are included. The first uses images and data from Greenland to further examine albedo changes on the Greenland Ice Sheet. The second activity examines a case study from Colorado about dust layers on the snowpack and the implications for melting, runoff and water supply management. This activity has ties to public policy.

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Teachers: Have you and your students ever come upon a question with no easy, well-defined answer. If so, then this site from Arizona State University is for you. Intended for K-12 teachers, users can submit a question and, within three days, receive an answer. Also helpful are the Experiments and Stuff, Articles and Profiles, and Web Links sections. The site's guidelines section stresses that the scientists who answer questions for Ask a Biologist are volunteers, but most are acting scientists. Due to volume of questions, or how busy a given scientist is, response time may be a bit slower than the promised three days. A great resource though for those times when you'd like an explanation from an expert and you don't have one handy.

AskNature is the world's largest, free database of biological strategies and designs inspired by nature. It is a tool for researchers, designers, engineers, educators, students, and the general public that supports creating innovative and sustainable solutions. AskNature is a program of the Biomimicry Institute, a US nonprofit.

A significant body of literature is beginning to accumulate on the assessment of case teaching and active learning strategies, though more studies are needed.

Here we have organized resources and references for assessing case-based teaching and learning.

In this study funded by the Energy Foundation, performed by Lotus Engineering, and released by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), the potential mass reduction of a 2009 Toyota Venza is evaluated. Through advanced methodologies, Lotus replaces components with various high strength materials and reduces the quantity of components through integration. It's concluded in low development 21% mass may be reduced while cost is kept to 98% and in high development 38% mass may be reduced while cost is kept to 103%.

This case study looks at the relationship between claims made about diet trends and the actual ways body systems work together to contribute to homeostatsis. The lesson was designed for upper level high school and lower level undergraduate students, and would be particularly useful for non health majors studying human anatomy and physiology. The case study and teaching notes may be downloaded in PDF format. The site also includes a section for instructor feedback where general comments may be read and contributed.

This study was performed by Dynamic Research, Inc. and funded by The Aluminum Association to evaluate the effects on safety when vehicle size and weight are varied. The tests carried out by Dynamic used a numerical model approach with data from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) SUV crash database combined with FEM techniques created for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the U.S. Air Force. It was found increasing vehicle size, rather than reducing weight by 20%, created much safer collisions. Ideally, if a vehicle could be made lighter and longer, it would be safer and create fewer emissions due to weight reduction.

The author of the article notes that the level of language ability is always and will be decisive in the characteristics of the socio-cultural level of the people and of each citizen in particular. In the new socio-economic conditions of the development of statehood, the importance and requirements for the formation of a socially active, cultural and spiritually rich personality are increasing. One of the main conditions of this process is the acquisition by the students of the skills and abilities of fluent and competent command of their native language. The article states that the problem of communication culture of students of primary education, their upbringing as individuals cannot be solved without taking into account the norms of literary language and speech etiquette, which play a significant role in evaluating situations with verbal and non-verbal communication. Attention is focused on the idea that it is in primary education institutions that it is necessary to teach students to communicate, observing etiquette norms (verbal and non-verbal), which were formed over the centuries by many generations of Ukrainians, since the level of education and culture of the student is reflected in the manner of speaking, being able to express an opinion, carefully listen to the interlocutor, possess the power of the voice and intonation, in the wealth of speech etiquette. The article examines the problem of forming the communication culture of students of primary education, specifies the meaning of the concept of "speech culture", analyzes the issue of the formation of speech culture in the works of modern researchers, and determines the state of formation of the speech culture of younger schoolchildren in the practice of modern institutions of primary education in Ukraine.

Best Evidence Topics (or BETs) ˘ď‹ďĐwere developed in the Emergency Department of Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK, to provide rapid evidence-based answers to real-life clinical questions, using a systematic approach to reviewing the literature.˘ď‹ď Spearheaded by a professor in emergency medicine at Manchester University (UK), the website provides a database of answers to specific clinical problems using the available evidence. The website would be a good resource for doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals providing direct care to patients in emergency situations.

This case study aims to help students think critically about the literature sources they use in their scientific research. It will also serve to review concepts related to geometric isomerism and tautomerism. The lesson is intended for lower level undergraduate students. The case study and teaching notes may be downloaded in PDF format. The site also includes a section for instructor feedback where general comments may be read and contributed.

The study of primacy, the development of that stage of manifestation of the syndrome of emotional depression in the dynamics was carried out in the middle of mastery in the specialty "Therapeutic Dentistry" at three stages of the questionnaire: undergraduate studies (students of the 5th year); in the internship of the 1st and 2nd year, apprenticeship. Experimentation and diagnostics of the equal formation and phases of the development of symptoms were carried out according to V.V. Boyka. 160 anonymous questionnaires were analyzed. The formation of the syndrome in students of dental science is directly ranked on a par, which is lower than in foreign studies. The degree of manifestation of emotional development in interns-stomatologists of the 1st year of education does not exceed the results of the achievements of foreign andragogues and our masters in postgraduate education in other specialties. Large-scale wars cause serious activation of warehouse experiences, anxiety and depression. The formation and dominance of the emotional response and the external (depersonalization) may have a chronic character in case of mental overstrain in dentistry specialists of the 2nd year of the beginning of the active military day.

Today we can state that these technologies have created the basis for the formation of a fundamentally new environment of legal regulation, penetrating into a wide variety of areas of human activity. And such a new technological environment based on digital technologies significantly affects various spheres of life, such as financial, political, social, and other. The influence of the modern “digital revolution” began to extend to the formation of the relevant norms of national legislation, which led to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Virtual Assets”. The purpose of the article is to develop a study aimed at trying to form a classification of the latest elements of digital technologies that have more found their application in the financial sector of the economy and have the common well-known name “cryptocurrency” and adopted in domestic legislation the expression “virtual assets” with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Virtual Assets”. In the study, we call them digital financial technology. And to form their general classification, on the basis of their inherent characteristic features. The purpose of the article is not how much to present the classification of virtual assets proposed in the Law Ukraine “On Virtual Assets”, as in the presentation on the background of their existing alternative classification. During the study, general scientific research methods were used – deduction and induction, synthesis and analysis, scientific abstraction, systematic approach; specifically – legal methods of cognition – formally legal; legal forecasting, retrospective and comparative-legal method; methodological substantiation of the essence, nature, and structure of terminology, which is the object of research. The study showed the existing versatility of classifications in the world, and the author proposed, on the basis of existing classifications, his own vision for grouping the objects of research of “cryptocurrency” into four groups: DFT-gaming, DFT-prepaid, DFT – national currency, DFT – interethnic currency.

A three-layer plate with thick hard outer layers and a thin soft inner layer was studied. A model is considered on the example of an anti-sandwich panel to describe the mechanical behavior of a plate on the example of a solar panel. A review of the scientific literature was conducted, in which models of both analytical and numerical methods for calculating three-layer plates are displayed. The scientific work uses the method of finite element analysis using a spatial shell element, as well as the theory of single- and multi-layer plates. These elements combine the topology of volumetric elements and the kinematic and structural equations of a classical shell element. Shell elements based on continuum mechanics were used for numerical simulation. The study was carried out under static load under different conditions, and also the self-oscillations of the anti-sandwich were analyzed using the theories of Kirchhoff and Reisner-Mindlin. As part of the scientific work, a study of the mechanical model of a thin solar panel was carried out using finite element analysis taking into account different temperature conditions and comparing the results with existing studies

An Internet Adventure into Cancer, Pattern Recognition & Image Analysis, and Geometry. Cancer is a group of diseases in which some body cells change their nature, start to divide uncontrollably, and may revert to an undifferentiated type. This lesson explores the ratio that designates a cancerous cell (perimeter squared to area), through Java applets and files to download. By James P. Dildine, with consultation from Howard A. Silver.

Created by James Filliben and Alan Heckert, this part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Engineering Statistics handbook contains case studies for the process improvement chapter, which deals with design of experiments. More specifically, these case studies consist of: the Eddy current probe sensitivity study and Sonoluminescent light intensity study. Besides an introduction to experimental design, the author states a secondary goal of "giv[ing] the reader an opportunity to run the analyzes in real-time using the Dataplot software package." This is a great lesson for applying statistical theory to actual practice.

The online Engineering Statistics Handbook provides a section (4.6 Case Studies in Process Modeling) using detailed realistic examples from physical science and engineering applications. Examples in load cell calibration, Alaska Pipeline ultrasonic calibration, ultrasonic reference block study, and thermal expansion of copper case study are presented in a step-by-step manner. This is a great collection of studies showing real world uses of statistics.

Compiled and modified for instructional use by: Kate Darby, Western Washington University
In 1887, Robert Towne built a metals smelter two and a half miles northwest of El Paso, Texas, across the river from Ciudad Juarez in Mexico and across the state border from several small towns in New Mexico. The smelter, which processed metal ore from regional mines, was quickly acquired by ASARCO (American Smelting and Refining Company) and became an important visual and economic institution in the region. In 1967, following the mantra of environmental regulation at the time—"the solution to pollution is dilution"—ASARCO erected what was then the tallest smokestack in the world: an 828-foot structure visible from much of the region. While the facility provided jobs to many in the region and produced metals important for a range of manufacturing and consumer products, by the 1970s, residents and scientists began to question the other products from the smelter—especially heavy metals pollution.

This case study includes discussion questions and data sources for further information.

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This activity engages students in examining tropical Pacific pressure, sea-surface temperature, and precipitation data over a 10 year time span. Students work in groups to understand a data set, then debrief as a class to identify connections between data sets and discuss factors that cause the year-to-year changes. Ideally, this may be used prior to an introduction to the El NiÃo-Southern Oscillation.

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This activity walks students through a data set depicting climate variability in the North Atlantic, associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NOA). Students examine anomalies of precipitation and pressure over a 10-year period, create a chart showing the movement of these anomalies over this time period, and answer questions about the relationship between North Atlantic pressure anomalies and precipitation on the Iberian Peninsula.

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Compiled and modified for instructional use by: Lisa Phillips, Illinois State University, llphill@ilstu.edu
On September 10, 2012, several million southern California residents reacted with alarm to an unfamiliar noxious scent. The Air Quality Management District officials in the Los Angeles region were initially at a loss to determine the odor's source. Investigators from Ventura to Palm Springs looked for toxic spills, sewage plant leaks, and gas line breaks—all for naught.

The smell's origin was the Salton Sea more than 150 miles away and not usually upwind. The smell of an algal bloom and subsequent massive fish kill released odor molecules redolent with the stench of environmental decay.

This case study includes discussion questions and data sources for further information.

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