A coletânea de artigos constante neste volume apresenta uma série de estudos que cobre uma gama de áreas da Administração Rural, servindo de grande valia tanto para acadêmicos quanto para profissionais atuantes no mercado.
Although the basic theories of thermodynamics are adequately covered by a number of existing texts, there is little literature that addresses more advanced topics. In this comprehensive work the author redresses this balance, drawing on his twenty-five years of experience of teaching thermodynamics at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to produce a definitive text to cover thoroughly, advanced syllabuses. The book introduces the basic concepts which apply over the whole range of new technologies, considering: a new approach to cycles, enabling their irreversibility to be taken into account; a detailed study of combustion to show how the chemical energy in a fuel is converted into thermal energy and emissions; an analysis of fuel cells to give an understanding of the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power; a detailed study of property relationships to enable more sophisticated analyses to be made of both high and low temperature plant and irreversible thermodynamics, whose principles might hold a key to new ways of efficiently covering energy to power (e.g. solar energy, fuel cells). Worked examples are included in most of the chapters, followed by exercises with solutions. By developing thermodynamics from an explicitly equilibrium perspective, showing how all systems attempt to reach a state of equilibrium, and the effects of these systems when they cannot, the result is an unparalleled insight into the more advanced considerations when converting any form of energy into power, that will prove invaluable to students and professional engineers of all disciplines.
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) was founded in 1888 in order to further mathematical research and scholarship. Since that time, they have embarked on a number of outreach programs designed to educate the public about the importance of various mathematical endeavors. In the past several years, they have been developing the AMS Books Online website, and it's quite a resource. The works were all originally published by the AMS, and they can be browsed by author or subject. The subject headings include analysis, general interest, logic and foundations, and number theory. Users can download individual chapters from each book, and there are currently over thirty books available on the site. Visitors should make sure and check back, as there are plans to add books to the site periodically.
This is the education section of a larger site about the Aquarius underwater habitat in the Florida Keys. It includes classroom activities exploring concepts of buoyancy, pressure and light; a series of classroom activities exploring the biology of corals; and an on-line book about coral reef biology.
This web site contains the resources developed for an upper level optics course. It includes a full textbook and video resources for both labs and demonstrations.
The Brazilian Journal of Environmental Sciences (RBCIAMB) is an interdisciplinary journal concerned with the ecological, environmental, territorial, social, cultural, economic and political aspects of sustainability and environmental sciences. It a space for the exchange of ideas, information, knowledge and technology, from the diverse perspectives and disciplines which must be combined to formulate effective solutions aiming at sustainable development. From the interdisciplinarity perspective, the journal examines issues in natural resources, environmental conservation, water resources, waste management, environmental and clean technologies, environmental management, social perception, environmental education, urban development, environmental health, public policies, sustainable agriculture, among other topics associated with the sustainability. The interinstitutional coproduction’s, involving national or foreign institutions, are especially welcome.
RBCIAMB is a quarterly publication, edited by the Brazilian Association of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (ABES). Publishes original and complete articles, with peer review.
Created by Frank B. Brokken of the Computing Center at the University of Groningen, this document is intended for ˘ďďĐknowledgeable users of C (or any other language using a C-like grammar, like Perl or Java) who would like to know more about, or make the transition to, C++.˘ďď Topics included are IO-streams, classes, memory allocation, and polymorphism. Also, the final chapter gives a number of concrete examples of C++ programs, classes, and templates which illustrate the concepts covered in the web page. This is an excellent site for students looking to learn C++ or for educators in computer programming.
The Authoring Curricular Material Chapeter of the OSP User’s Guide describes Launcher and LaunchBuilder and shows how these programs are used to author, organize, and run Java-based curricular material. In order for most instructors to use OSP material in their courses (or in their educational, experimental, or theoretical research), the various physical models already available must be easily accessible, modifiable, and distributable. The paradigm for authoring, organizing, and running curricular material described in this Chapter uses the Launcher and LaunchBuilder programs to accomplish this goal.
This is the home web site for a book in computational physics. This product of the Strengthening Computation in Undergraduate Physics Programs (CPSUP) project contains flexible text materials that are tailored for use in programs using a variety of different hardware platforms and software packages. A listing is given of the chapters of the book with links to the full table of contents for the chapters. A much more detailed description of the history of this project and of the structure of CPSUP is also available. As this highly customizable text is difficult to publish through traditional means, the author is taking orders for customized assemblages of the materials, producing the required number of bound copies, and shipping them to the end user. Details of the procedure are given.
Corrections to Solutions Manual for the text by Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik, Statistical and Thermal Physics, Princeton University Press 92010).
Curriculet is a dynamic eReading web browser-based platform for schools that allows teachers to place a layer of questions, quizzes and rich media on top of books they teach. Teachers can deliver customized, Common Core aligned learning and digitally create and share their curriculum and lesson materials. Public domain books are available for free, though the company has also partnered with publishers to provide new titles at a low monthly subscription cost.
This is a free textbook which covers material for an introductory course on differential equations with some partial differential equations material, though it assumes knowledge of matrix theory. It includes a section on computing Fourier series of polynomials. It also includes a link to the freely available student solutions manual.
Chapter 10 computes the electric fields due to static and moving charges, describes methods for computing the electric potential in boundary value problems, and solves Maxwell's equations numerically.
The EJS adaptation of An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods Chapter 17 studies affine transformations in order to visualize objects in three dimensions. We then solve Euler's equation of motion for rigid body dynamics using the quaternion representation of rotations.
We introduce the Easy Java Simulations (EJS) edition of An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods and discuss the importance of computers in physics and the nature of computer simulation. Various computer languages are considered and we show how the EJS modeling and authoring tool allows us to separate the model into logical parts and to separate the model from the view. Students learn the logic of computer modeling using loops and control structures as they study algorithms used in professional practice. Students are also introduced to object-oriented programming concepts by using object properties and methods when they create user interfaces. However, little user-interface coding is required because the user interface is created automatically by EJS. Easy Java Simulations is built using the Open Source Physics code library and produces XML-based source code. The use of XML is important because it enables users to describe and store the model at a high level of abstraction, thereby leaving the Java implementation to EJS. A tutorial at the end of Chapter 1 describes this process.
Chapter 2 introduces Java syntax and EJS elements in the context of simulating the motion of falling particles near the Earth's surface. A simple Euler algorithm for solving first-order differential equations numerically is discussed and this algorithm is shown to produce errors when compared to an analytic solution.
Chapter 3 discusses several numerical methods needed to simulate the motion of particles using Newton's laws and introduces the Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) editor that makes it possible to select different numerical algorithms for ODE-based models. EJS 3D elements are also introduced to model motion in three dimensions.
Chapter 4 explores the behavior of oscillatory systems, including the simple harmonic oscillator, a simple pendulum, and electrical circuits and we introduce the concept of phase space. We also show how the EJS ODE editor is used to solve arrays of differential equations.
Chapter 5 applies Newton's laws of motion to planetary motion and other systems of a few particles and explores some of the counter-intuitive consequences of Newton's laws.
Chapter 6 studies simple nonlinear deterministic models that exhibit chaotic behavior. We will find that the use of the computer to do numerical experiments will help us gain insight into the nature of chaos.
This book chapter introduces Random processes in the context of several simple physical systems, including random walks on a lattice, polymers, and diffusion controlled chemical reactions. The generation of random number sequences also is discussed.
This book of 19 essays, written by Earth scientists, provides insight into the dynamic processes that shape the Earth. The essays are supported by case studies describing a range of research projects (including Looking for Life in Antarctica-and Mars, Mapping Mt. Rainer, and Mapping Hot Springs on the Deep Ocean Floor) and profiles of historically significant Earth scientists (Including Inge Lehmann, Milutin Milankovitch, and Harold C. Urey). The essays, case studies, and profiles are organized along the same themes explored in the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth, (How do we read the rocks?; How has the Earth evolved?; Why are there ocean basins, mountains and continents?; What causes climate and climate change?; Why is the Earth habitable?) a large, permanent exhibition that opened at the Museum in 1999.
This University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program provides several links to articles on earthworms. These describe the earthworm's importance to ecosystems and agriculture.
This toolkit for educators of all levels and communities about sustainable development was developed by Rosalyn McKeown. This is the second version of the resource, completed in 2002, and is based on "the idea that communities and educational systems within communities need to dovetail their sustainability efforts." There is background information, a case study, details of the challenges to ESD education, and exercises which introduce and elaborate upon sustainability for the classroom.
Each student will keep a science journal during each of the four seasons. Students will record observations of the general outdoor environment they visit and then will make observations of one specific item from the habitat in each season. At the end of the school year, students will make comparisons of their seasonal drawings and share the results with the class. The purpose of the activity is to introduce students to the concept of using a science journal to record information, to have students use science tools to make scientific observations and to make observational drawings in nature and compare the results throughout the seasons. After completing this activity, students will know about seasonal changes in a particular habitat. They will learn how to make detailed observations, record their results, make comparisons, and share information using a standard format.
A learning activity for the "Do You Know That Clouds Have Names?" book in the Elementary GLOBE series. Using information from the book and their observations, students construct a sky scene with trees and buildings as reference points on the ground and cloud types ordered by altitude in the sky. Students will describe clouds using their own vocabulary and will then correlate their descriptions with the standard classifications of cloud types used by the GLOBE Program. The purpose of the activity is to help students identify some of the characteristics of clouds and to enable students to observe clouds, describe them in a common vocabulary, and compare their descriptions with the official cloud names. Students will be able to identify cloud types using standard cloud classification names. They will know that the names used for the clouds are based on three factors: their shapes, the altitude at which they occur, and whether they are producing precipitation.
The class will brainstorm, write, create, and produce a play in which they represent how all the Earth systems are interconnected. This play can be based on the Elementary GLOBE book "All About Earth: Our World on Stage" or on other student-generated topics representing interconnections of the Earth systems. The purpose of the play is to serve as a performance assessment providing students with the opportunity to display what they have learned about the Earth as a system in a creative manner. Through this activity, students will demonstrate their knowledge of how the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere and biosphere interact.
A learning activity for the "All About Earth: Our World on Stage" book in the Elementary GLOBE series. In pairs, students will create experimental conditions in terrariums in order to study what plants need to live. Variables to study include the presence or absence of soil, water, and sunlight. Students will record the growth of radish plants as well as observations of "the water cycle" in their terrariums. At the conclusion of their experiments, students will share their results with the class and discuss how water, Earth materials, and air are all necessary to support living things. The purpose of the activity is to acquaint students with the hydrosphere, geosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere more closely, to have students use microcosms to study natural phenomena, and to introduce students to the concept of a "fair test" in a scientific investigation. After completing this activity, students will know about the importance of the hydrosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere in supporting the biosphere. They will learn how to set up "fair test", record detailed observations, use drawings as scientific records, make sense of experimental results, and share them publicly.
A learning activity for the Scoop on Soils book in the Elementary GLOBE Series. Each student will make predictions about the properties of various soil samples. Then they will examine several types of soils and record their observations. Next, they will learn about soil profiles and horizons by both examining a soil sample in a jar and by creating a soil profile flip chart. The purpose of the activity is to provide the opportunity for students to ask questions and make observations about soil and introduce students to the properties of soil and to the concept of soil profiles and horizons. After completing this activity, students will know about soil's different properties and about soil profiles. Students will know that soils have different properties including texture, color, and size. They will know that soil forms layers based on these properties.
Students will learn about magnification and how a magnifying lens works. They will examine a variety of different objects, first without a magnifier and then with a magnifier, and compare what they observe. They will practice observing details of these objects with magnifying lens. The purpose of this activity is for students to learn about observation skills and how tools can help people make observations, what "magnification" means, and to learn that scientists use tools, such as magnifying lenses, to examine objects. Students will be able to identify a magnifying glass and its purposes. They will be able to describe how the same object looks different when using the unaided eye versus a magnifying lens.
Students will use various objects in the classroom to experiment with nonstandard measurement. They will make estimates and test them out. Then, working in pairs or small groups, students will use a ruler or a measuring tape to become familiar with how to use these tools for standard linear measurement. The purpose of this activity is to practice making standard and non-standard measurement and to learn the purpose of making linear measurements and how to apply them to scientific investigations. Students will learn how to make measurements, both nonstandard and standard (with a ruler). They will test their estimates and record their results.
A learning activity for the Scoop on Soils book in the Elementary GLOBE Series. Students will make predictions about what they think they will find in a sample of soil. They will investigate the sample and sort out the various items they find. Next they will spend time outside observing one or more sites to see what they find in the soil. After recording and sharing their observations they will create their own stories about the things they found in the soil. The purpose of the activity is to learn about natural things commonly found in soil and how these things impact how the soil looks and feels as well as to introduce students to the concept of decomposition. After completing this activity, students will know about various things found in soil including rocks, critters, roots, and other organic material. They will also understand that animals and microorganisms aid in the decomposition process that contributes organic materials to soils.
Using a color chart, students will make observations outside during each of the four seasons. During each session, they will try to find as many colors as possible and record what they see. As a class, they will make charts describing the colors they find in each season. At the end of the school year, students will compare their results and generate conclusions about variations in colors in nature both within a season and between different seasons. The purpose of this activity is to provide the opportunity for students to make observations in nature and compare their results, to help students understand seasonal changes as they relate to colors in their environment, and to engage students in active observation and recording skills. After completing this activity, students will understand how colors in nature relate to their local environment and to seasonal changes within that environment. Students will practice observation and recording skills, make comprehensive comparisons, and will form a hypothesis based on the information they have assembled throughout the school year.
A learning activity for the "Do You Know That Clouds Have Names?" book in the Elementary GLOBE series. Students will explore the difference between the three types of contrails, make observations of contrails outside, and record their observations. Fifteen minutes later they will make follow-up observations to see how the contrails they observed have changed. The purpose of the activity is to help students identify contrails and learn to distinguish between the three types of contrails and to understand that contrails are human-made and some contrails become clouds in the sky. Students will be able to (1) identify the three types of contrails; (2) understand that contrails are created by jet airplanes; and (3) understand that some contrails become clouds.
Students will be introduced to different species of macroinvertebrates. They will hypothesize why each insect looks the way it does. Then students will make observations of macroinvertebrates. in an aquarium in their classroom. For an optional extension, teachers can take students to a local stream or pond to conduct field observations. The purpose of this activity is to introduce students to hydrology and the study of macroinvertebrates. and to understand how macroinvertebrates. help scientists understand water quality. After completing this activity, students will have an understanding of what macroinvertebrates. are and why scientists study them.
A learning activity for the Scoop on Soils book in the Elementary GLOBE Series. Each student will explore three activities that promote understanding of and respect for soil. They will generate responses to the following questions: "What makes up soil?" and "What lives in the soil?" Next the students will watch a demonstration of how much soil there is on Earth that is available for human use. Last they will create their own soil connection sentences. The purpose of this activity is to introduce students to the importance of soil and why it needs to be studied, to help students understand how much soil is available on Earth for human use, and to help students understand the connection between soil and how it is used by living things. After completing this activity, students will understand the importance of soil science, comprehend the relative amounts of usable soil that exists on Earth, and learn the function of soil as it pertains to animals, plants and humans.
A learning activity for the "All About Earth: Our World on Stage" book in the Elementary GLOBE series. One of the "big ideas" in Earth system science is the notion of interaction among parts of the Earth system. In the Elementary GLOBE book All About Earth: Our World on Stage, the children in Ms. Patel's class discuss instances of how the four major spheres of Earth's system interact. They symbolize these interactions by using large arrows to link the system components: air, water, soil, living things and the Sun. In this activity, students continue to explore the idea of interaction among Earth components as they identify processes in the Earth system and indicate how they illustrate an interaction between two of the Earth system components. The purpose of the activity is to help students deepen their understanding of interconnections among Earth's systems, help students to identify processes where Earth's systems are interacting, and to provide practice in the observation and recording of natural phenomena. After completing this activity, students will understand that Earth system interactions are all around them, going on all the time, and that Earth's processes are interconnected. They will learn how to make observations and identify the interactions they illustrate.
This is the third in a series of three works based on lectures given by Dr. Richard Feynman at Cal Tech in 1961 and 1962. Volume three covers topics in quantum physics, atomic physics, and solid state physics.
Three European organizations provide electronic access to the Codex 72, part of the Galilean Collection at the Biblioteca Nazionale Central in Florence, Italy. Codex 72 discusses "theorems on motion published in the Discorsi." The electronic version includes folios 33r through 194r, which contain drafts of Galileo's texts, drawings, and calculations and their translations. Material can be accessed via three routes, which are explained in How to Use the Electronic Representation of the Manuscript: a list of folio pages, Discorsi Propositions, and indices. The site also gives the history of the manuscript and includes bibliographies related to the manuscript, and a general bibliography. Although most of the manuscript is not translated from Latin and Italian into English, students and teachers of "the transition from Aristotelian to classical physics" are now able to view this historically significant, original manuscript.
This ebook contains background information, video tutorials and virtual exercises for the Biochemistry Laboratory module. Gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are analysis methods that require a lot of background information and intense theory. This interactive ebook will help you understand the information behind these analysis methods, and is accessible through iTunes.
This is a classic, graduate level, "math-first" textbook on general relativity. The author develops the theory of general relativity from a modern, mathematical point-of-view. The author covers introductory general relativity along with recent problems such as the thermodynamics of black holes.
This is a text written by Nobel Prize winner Paul Dirac about the mathematical foundations of general relativity, specifically the mathematical description of curved spacetime. This book is written on the upper undergraduate level and is intended to introduce the reader to general relativity through a math-first perspective.
This page from the GeoTech Center provides a link to an introductory textbook on Geographic Information Systems, or GIS. The textbook is freely available online. The text covers a general introduction to GIS, vector data, vector attribute data, data capture, raster data, topology, coordinate reference systems, map production, vector spatial analysis (buffers) and spatial analysis (interpolation). The text is 99 pages long; users may navigate the content via handy links in the book's table of contents.
In this chapter, I introduce the notion of student epistemologies and expectations, their views about what counts as knowledge and learning in a given physics class and in physics more generally. I then review some of the ways in which researchers have studied these constructs and make suggestions about getting started on your own research. A major theme is that important theoretical questions about the cognitive structures and processes underlying student epistemologies — and how best to study them — are not yet settled. Researchers therefore need to try to uncover and articulate the theoretical assumptions implicit in their research methods.
Measurement science used to characterize environmentally important species is a central aspect of this textbook and accompanying lecture support/PowerPoint presentations. In addition to discussing the hows and whys of measurement, the discussion of measurements up to 2007 as related to the future of the environment provides a context for learning the material. The content of each chapter is available for download in Power Point file format.
This site is the online text of Dr. Robert M. Anderson's book The Gross Physiology of the Cardiovascular System. Even though biomedical knowledge is continually advancing and becoming more specific, Anderson feels that it is important to "have a clear understanding of the gross mechanical function of the cardiovascular system as a whole." This resource is provided as a model to do just that. The text is well organized and easy to navigate; additionally, a video that provides a summary of the online text can be viewed online.
A resource for pupils in the final years of secondary education which details the use of graphs in the field of geoscience. May be of use to teachers of geography, the sciences or even as an application of mathematics. Of use for helping to achieve problem solving, data handling and scientific investigation learning outcomes.
All content released under a CC BY license.
A resource for pupils in the final years of secondary education which details the use of graphs in the field of geoscience. May be of use to teachers of geography, the sciences or even as an application of mathematics. Of use for helping to achieve problem solving, data handling and scientific investigation learning outcomes.
The Hasbun Classical Mechanics Package is a self-contained Java package of OSP programs in support of the textbook: Classical Mechanics with MATLAB Applications. Classical Mechanics with MATLAB Applications is a resource for the advanced undergraduate taking introduction to classical mechanics. Filled with comprehensive examples and thorough descriptions, this text guides students through the complex topics of rigid body motion, moving coordinate systems, Lagrange's equations, small vibrations, the Euler algorithm, and much more. Step-by-step illustrations, examples and computational physics tools further enhance learning and understanding by demonstrating accessible ways of obtaining mathematical solutions. In addition to the numerous examples throughout, each chapter contains a section of MATLAB code to introduce the topic of programming scripts and their modification for the reproduction of graphs and simulations.
This booklet allows students to learn how astronomers get information about the Sun and other stars.
HyperPhysics is an exploration environment for concepts in physics employing concept maps and other linking strategies to facilitate smooth navigation. For the most part, it is laid out in small segments or "cards", that are interconnected with thousands of links. The bottom bar of each card contains links to major concept maps for divisions of physics, plus a "go back" feature to allow the user to retrace the path of an exploration.
This brochure describes NASA's ICESat mission ((Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite), which was launched January 12, 2003. ICESat is the benchmark Earth Observing System mission for measuring ice sheet mass balance, cloud and aerosol heights, as well as land topography and vegetation characteristics.
Interactive Real Analysis is an online, interactive textbook for Real Analysis or Advanced Calculus in one real variable. Organized into the topics of sets and relations, infinity and induction, sequences of numbers, topology, continuity and differentiation, the integral (Riemann and Lebesgue), sequences of functions, and metric spaces. Features Java tools Function Plotter, Continuity Checker, Root Finder, Family Plotter, and Derivative Checker. Also includes a glossary of calculus terms and biographies, with definitions, theorems, and problems.
The textbook Simulations in Physics provides an introduction to programming in the context of physics. This third edition, using Java, develops good programming practice through novel applications. It is written to be accessible to a wide range of readers and encourages student experimentation. The goal is to enable students to use computer simulations as a method of discovery in physics. The Simulations in Physics web site provides examples of the text and links to programming resources freely through the Open Source Physics project.
Draft chapters for An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods (CSM) Third Edition. The third edition of CSM is Java-based and uses the object-oriented Open Source Physics code library. Examples described in this book are distributed in a ready-to-run Launcher package. Source code is available in an Eclipse workspace under the GNU GPL open source license.
Peter Mueller at the Globewide Network Academy created these lectures to be used in an online introductory course to object-oriented programming (OOP). The tutorial guides users through a survey of programming techniques, an introduction to data types, object-oriented concepts, an introduction to C++, the differences between C and C++, and a case study in using the C++ programming language. Mueller's exercises, with answers, should improve students' understanding of the concepts taught through the tutorial.
This companion site to a Thermal Physics textbook by Daniel Schroeder of Weber State University gives lists of recommended problems, corrections, and clarifications. Additionally, course plans are available for instructors.
This illustration from an online textbook features a map showing the major ocean currents of the world. A set of links provides access to a study guide with glossary and test questions, additional readings, and links to related sites.
This work takes an experimental approach to understanding mathematics through the use of interactive Java simulations. Suggestions for experiments to perform are included for over 60 interactive EJS models created by the author and a collection of over 2000 java simulations in physics. Topics covered include infinitesimal calculus, partial differential equations, fractals and much more. Intervention and customization of the calculation programs is possible using the EJS (Easy Java Simulation) simulation technology. A module library also allows users to engage in further development. In the electronic version of the text, the examples can be accessed directly from the text and operated online or from an installed package. The interactive format is an ideal tool to help users visualize and understand mathematics and physics and their simulation techniques.
